If you can find a copy of Inverting the Pyramid by Jonathan Wilson (he's a Guardian football columnist) then I reckon that's a great book for some of this stuff. Its very readable and is a history of different formations and styles of play and how they developed in response to the other tactics teams were using etc.
The other thing is that sometimes the focus on formation alone doesn't tell you much - 2 teams could both be playing a 4-2-3-1 for instance but one is playing with a high line, constant pressing, and wide players hugging the sidelines, while the other is playing deep and narrow, conceding possession and trying to create counterattacks. Same formation, very different tactics. Also one man's 4-2-3-1 is another's 4-3-3 or 4-2-1-3 - same players playing the same roles but depending on whether you count the wide players as attackers or mids, and whether DMs and AMs get lumped together, you can call it different things.
There's quite a few websites where people do tactical analysis of games, which can be good for insights especially if you have seen the game they are talking about. Zonalmarking.net and outsideoftheboot.com are 2 good ones. Leopold Method are great for A League games.
