the gk did deny the ball illegally to the striker and there is no
'accidental handball' AFAIK, so I doubt the ref had a
choice?
The laws do distinguish between delibarate handball and 'normal'
handball. Playing the ball with your hand is always illegal, and
should result in a free kick/penalty to the opposition, but if the
offence is deliberate (i.e. the player intentionally used his hands
to play the ball to gain advantage or his team) it should result in
a yellow card for an outfield player. If the offence is done
deliberately to prevent a goal-scoring opportunity from arising,
then the card should be red.
For the keepers, if they play the ball with their hands outside the
box deliberately, they should get a red card, otherwise it should
be a yellow. That's my understanding of the laws anyway.
I suppose the ref may argue that Vukovic's handball served to
prevent a goal-scoring opportunity for Sydney but I think that'd be
stretching it, there were a lot of defenders around, and the angle
was relatively acute too.